| UNIT
1 |
DEFINITION OF BANKER |
| |
Introduction |
| |
Definition
of Banker |
| |
Institutions
Resembling Banks |
| |
Summary of Unit 1 |
| |
Self
Test Questions |
| |
| UNIT
2 |
THE
CUSTOMER OF THE BANK AND TYPES OF CUSTOMERS |
| |
Introduction |
| |
Definition
of Customer |
| |
Who may be Customer? |
| |
Non-Account Customer |
| |
Summary of Unit 2 |
| |
Self
Test Questions |
| |
Past
Examination Question |
| |
| UNIT
3 |
THE LEGAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BANKER
AND CUSTOMER |
| |
Introduction |
| |
The
Contract between Banker and Customer |
| |
Bank
as agent? |
| |
Bank
as bailee? |
| |
Bankers
as Mortgagee of Customer? |
| |
Banker
as debtor of customer? |
| |
Development
of debtor-creditor principle |
| |
The
Rule from the Cases |
| |
Summary
of Unit 3 |
| |
Self
Test Questions |
| |
Past
Examination Question |
| |
| UNIT
4 |
THE
BANKER’S OBLIGATION TO CUSTOMER |
| |
Introduction |
| |
Obligations |
| |
The
Obligations to pay on demand |
| |
The
duty of secrecy |
| |
The
duty to take care |
| |
The
duty to obey customer’s instructions |
| |
Summary
of Unit 4 |
| |
Self
Test Questions |
| |
Past
Examination Question |
| |
| UNIT 5 |
CUSTOMER’S
DUTY TO BANKER |
| |
Introduction |
| |
The
Duties |
| |
Duty
to draw cheques carefully |
| |
Duty
to disclose forgeries |
| |
Duty
to keep cheque books in safe place |
| |
Duty
to inform Banker on changes |
| |
Duty
to abide by banking regulations |
| |
Duty
to read statements |
| |
Summary
of Unit 5 |
| |
Self
Test Questions |
| |
Past
Examination Question |
| |
| UNIT
6 |
BANKER’S
RIGHTS OVER CUSTOMER’S DEPOSITS |
| |
Introduction |
| |
Banker’s
Rights |
| |
The
Right of combination and set-off |
| |
The
Right of Lien (Banker’s Lien) |
| |
The
Right to charge Commission |
| |
Banker’s
Right to Appropriate Money in the Account
& the Rule in Clayton’s case |
| |
Summary
of Unit 6 |
| |
Self
Test Questions |
| |
Past
Examination Question |
| |
| UNIT
7 |
PAYING OF CHEQUES AND PAYMENT BY CHEQUE |
| |
Introduction |
| |
Definition
and form of a cheque |
| |
Importance
of Certain Parts of Cheque |
| |
Bearer
and Order Cheques |
| |
“Pay
cash or order” cheques |
| |
Blank
Cheques |
| |
Post
Dated Cheque |
| |
Payment
by Cheque |
| |
Endorsement
on Cheques |
| |
Discharge
of Cheques |
| |
Summary
of Unit 7 |
| |
Self
Test Questions |
| |
Past
Examination Question |
| |
| UNIT
8 |
THE
POSITION OF A PAYING BANKER |
| |
Introduction |
| |
Definition
of Paying Banker |
| |
Conditions
for Payment |
| |
The
Protection of a Paying Bank |
| |
Recovering
Money Wrongly Paid |
| |
Summary
of Unit 8 |
| |
Self
Test Questions |
| |
Past
Examination Question |
| |
|
| UNIT
9 |
THE
POSITION OF A COLLECTING BANKER |
| |
Introduction |
| |
Who
is the Collecting Banker? |
| |
Collecting
for the Customer and Collecting for
itself |
| |
Duties
of a Collecting Banker |
| |
The
Protection of a Collecting Banker |
| |
The
Rights of a Collecting Banker |
| |
Summary
of Unit 9 |
| |
Self
Test Questions |
| |
Past
Examination Question |
| |
| UNIT
10 |
NEGOTIABILITYOF
CHEQUES AND OTHER BILLS OF EXCHANGE |
| |
Introduction |
| |
Meaning
of Negotiability |
| |
What
cheque can be negotiable |
| |
Negotiation
of other Types of Bills of Exchange |
| |
Dishonour
for Non Acceptance |
| |
Dishonour
by Non Payment |
| |
Liability
of Parties to the Bill |
| |
Summary
of Unit 10 |
| |
Self
Test Questions |
| |
Self
Test Questions |
| |
Past
Examination Question |
| |
| UNIT
11 |
FRAUD
AND FORGERY IN BANKING |
| |
Introduction |
| |
Fraud
and Forgery Distinguished |
| |
Extent
of the Problem |
| |
Computer
Fraud |
| |
Other
Victims of Fraud |
| |
The
Effect of a Forged Signature on Instruments |
| |
Protection
of a Banker Paying a Forged Instrument |
| |
The
Role of the Criminal Law (Police) |
| |
Summary
of Unit 11 |
| |
Self
Test Questions |
| |
Past
Examination Question |
| |
| UNIT
12 |
SECURITY
FOR ADVANCES: GUARANTEE AS A FORM OF
SECURITY |
| |
Introduction |
| |
Nature
of Guarantee |
| |
Form
of Guarantee |
| |
Who
May Guarantee |
| |
Rights
of Guarantor |
| |
Discharge
of a Guarantor |
| |
Avoidance
of a Guarantee |
| |
Determination
of a Guarantee |
| |
Summary
of Unit 12 |
| |
Self
Test Questions |
| |
Past
Examination Question |
| |
| UNIT
13 |
DEBENTURE
AS A FORM OF SECURITY FOR AN ADVANCE |
| |
Introduction |
| |
Meaning
of Debenture |
| |
Types
of Debenture (Charges) |
| |
Creating
a Debenture |
| |
Realisation
of a Debenture |
| |
Some
Practical Suggestions on Lending against
Debentures |
| |
Summary
of Unit 13 |
| |
Self
Test Questions |
| |
Past
Examination Question |
| |
| UNIT
14 |
LAND
AS SECURITY FOR AN ADVANCE (MORTGAGES) |
| |
Introduction |
| |
Meaning
of Land |
| |
Deciding
to take a Mortgage as Security |
| |
Steps
in Creating a Mortgage |
| |
Rights
of Mortgagee (Lender) |
| |
The
rights of Mortgagor (Debtor) |
| |
Discharge
of Mortgages |
| |
Summary
of Unit 14 |
| |
Self
Test Questions |
| |
Past
Examination Question |
| |
| UNIT
15 |
MISCELLANEOUS
SECURITIES FOR ADVANCES |
| |
Introduction |
| |
Goods
as Security for an Advance |
| |
Life
Insurance Policy as Security for Advances |
| |
Summary
of Unit 15 |
| |
Self
Test Questions |
| |
Past
Examination Question |
| APPENDIX
I |
THE
BILL OF EXCHANGE ORDINANCE |
| APPENDIX
II |
THE
CHEQUE ACT 1969 |
| APPENDIX
III |
ANSWERS
TO SELF TEST AND PAST EXAMINATION QUESTIONS |
| APPENDIX
IV |
SPECIMEN
OF EXAMINATION PAPER |
| APPENDIX
V |
CERTIFICATE
OF DEATH (SPECIMEN) |
| APPENDIX
VI |
MORTGAGE
OF A RIGHT OF OCCUPANCY (SPECIMEN) |
| APPENDIX
VII SMALL
MORTGAGE OF A LEASE (SPECIMEN) |
| APPENDIX
VIII CONTRACT
OF MORTGAGE (SPECIMEN) |
| APPENDIX
IX |
GUARANTEE
FORM OF A LOAN |
| APPENDIX
X |
SPECIMEN
FORM OF CHATTEL MORTGAGE |
| APPENDIX
X |
I
ORDINARY FORM OF DEBENTURE (SPECIMEN) |